Rogue Waves

Rogue waves are very dangerous waves that are twice the size of the surrounding waves. They are unexpected and typically come from directions that go against prevailing wind and waves. Rogue waves are also known as 'freak', or 'killer' waves. These types of waves can do major damage to any ships that get in their way.  Below are some images of rogue waves.

Deadliest Catch Rogue Wave Video!

Figure One.  Rogue Wave in the Ocean.

Figure Two.  Rogue Wave over Land.

Quahog and Cherry Stone Clams

Quahog Clams are the largest type of clam. They are found in shallow mud or sand and can be found on the eastern coast  of North America from Florida to Canada. They are also known as Hard shell or round shell clams.

Figure One.  Partially Buried Quahog Clam.

Figure Two.  Quahog Clam with Pearl.

Cherry Stone clams are the second largest type of clam and are also found on the east coast of the United States.

Figure Three.  Cherry Stone Clams.

Figure Four. Cherry Stone Clams.

ESI (Environmental Sensitivity Index) Maps

Environmental Sensitivity Maps are maps that are used to identify sensitive resources around a coastal shoreline so that they can be proactively protected and strategies can be designed in the event that an oil spill occurs. They also show compilations of information  of biological and human use resources.



Figure One.  ESI for NOS.



Figure Two. ESI for Davao Gulf.

Ice Phases

Figure One.  North Pole

Figure Two.  South Pole.

Figure Three. Iceberg.

Figure Four.  Seasonal Ice Shifting and Speed Changes.

Iceberg Video

For millions of years, the north and south poles have existed, controlling the amount of water in the world ocean. The icebergs are chunks of ice that have broken off from the polar ice caps.

Light Attenuation for Various Wavelenghts of Color in Water

Below is a chart that shows the attenuation of different wavelenghts of light in water. The numbers were calculated using Windows Excel by using the equation:

Z=ln(Iz/Io)/-K

     where:
Z= Depth (meters)
Iz= intensity of the light at a depth of Z meters
Io= Intensity of the light at the surface

K= Attenuation coefficient (meters^-1)

The values start at 1% or 0.01 because you cannot take the natural log of zero, and also because 1% light attenuation is the point where all benefit from photosynthesis is used for respiration. Each K value is specific for each color.



Figure One.  Table of Light Attenuation.



Figure Two.  Graph of Iz/Io Vs. Z.

Lab Two Soil Sample Pictures

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Lab One Pictures